Bilimsel ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131yla birlikte, yeni bulu\u015flar\u0131n, bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin, katlanarak artan bilginin neticesinde t\u0131pta yeni uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Aile hekimine olan gereksinim ilk kez 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Francis Peabody taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015f ve Peabody, t\u0131p bilimlerinde olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uzmanla\u015fma sonucu hastalar\u0131n ortada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti veren bir uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peabody’nin bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 erken yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131klamayd\u0131. Toplum ve t\u0131bbi \u00e7evreler b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya hen\u00fcz haz\u0131r de\u011fillerdi. Bu nedenle bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ne toplumdan ne de t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kapsaml\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel hizmet verebilecek aile hekimli\u011finin geli\u015fmesi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 1950’lerde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere’de genel pratisyenli\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek, standartlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek ve genel pratisyenlerin sesi olmak amac\u0131yla 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda College of General Practitioners (Genel Pratisyenler Koleji) kurulmu\u015ftur. Ancak genel pratisyenlik yada aile hekimli\u011finin, \u0130ngiltere’de, ayr\u0131 bir uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda American Medical Association (Amerikan T\u0131p Birli\u011fi) taraf\u0131ndan Milis Raporu ve Willard Raporu olarak bilinen iki raporun yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 sonucu birincil bak\u0131m konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, yeni bir uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 olan “Aile hekimli\u011fi” tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r 1969’da “Amerikan Aile Hekimli\u011fi Board” u (ABFP) olu\u015ftu ve aile hekimli\u011fi uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Alma Ata Konferans\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi de d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131p anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak “2000 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Herkese Sa\u011fl\u0131k” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hedefler ve stratejiler ve hedefler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle birinci basamak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmet sunumunun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bilgi ve ko\u015fullar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ve bunun uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hekimlerce verilmesi gerekti\u011finin vurgulanmas\u0131yla t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkeler sa\u011fl\u0131k sistem ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f do\u011frultusunda yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir. WHO ve WONCA temsilcilerinin ortak imzalar\u0131 ile yay\u0131nlanan giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Kapsaml\u0131, s\u00fcrekli, koordine edilen ve ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti verilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Aile Hekimleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahiptir. Birinci basamak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda onlar\u0131n rol\u00fc, sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda kaynaklar\u0131n optimal bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bireysel ve toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin koordinasyonunu geli\u015ftirmeleri durumunda, gelece\u011fin sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemleri i\u00e7inde rolleri daha da belirgin olacakt\u0131r” s\u00f6zlerine yer verilmekte, \u00f6zet b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise \u015fu ifade yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmet sisteminde, t\u0131p mesle\u011finde, t\u0131p fak\u00fcltelerinde ve di\u011fer e\u011fitim kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aile Hekimi sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmet sistemlerinde kaliteye, maliyet etkinli\u011fine ve adaletli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda merkezi role sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sorumlulu\u011fu yerine getirebilmek i\u00e7in Aile Hekimi, hasta bak\u0131m\u0131nda yetkin olmal\u0131, bireysel ve toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde ele almal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) ve D\u00fcnya Aile Hekimleri \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WONCA) tarihi bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir.”(WHO-WONCA 1994 Konferans\u0131, Aile Hekiminin Katk\u0131s\u0131, Kanada, Giri\u015f ve sayfa 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 dok\u00fcmanda, “Toplumun Gereksinimlerini G\u00f6zeten Bir Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmeti ve T\u0131p E\u011fitim Sistemi Olu\u015fturmak \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6neriler” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde: Aile hekimli\u011fi bir uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmal\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131, Aile hekimli\u011fi uzmanl\u0131k disiplini her t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinde \u00f6\u011fretilmeli ve aile hekimi\/dal uzman\u0131 dengesi kurulmal\u0131, her \u00fclkede Aile hekimli\u011fi mezuniyet sonras\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k e\u011fitimi verilmelidir \u015feklinde ana maddeler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Toplulu\u011fu 1 Ocak 1995’te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren bir kararla birinci basamak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak hekimlerin fak\u00fclte sonras\u0131 en az 2 y\u0131l e\u011fitim almas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1 Ocak 1996’da ise e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi 3 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde uygulamada ve adland\u0131rmada farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olsa da d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda Aile Hekimli\u011fi birinci basamak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bilimsel ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131yla birlikte, yeni bulu\u015flar\u0131n, bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin, katlanarak artan bilginin neticesinde t\u0131pta yeni uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Aile hekimine olan gereksinim ilk kez 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Francis Peabody taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015f ve Peabody, t\u0131p bilimlerinde olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uzmanla\u015fma sonucu hastalar\u0131n ortada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel sa\u011fl\u0131k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":85,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=73"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75,"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions\/75"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/oltuasm.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}